Unpublished accounts by the inventor, and other publications (see historical 14-23, two articles coauthored by Feldman and Morris published inġ958, and the donor’s inventory. Notes: Cataloger constructed descriptive title based on Foregger catalog no. Subject: Chloroform – administration & dosage. Subject: Anesthesia, Inhalation – instrumentation.
Physical Descript: 1 vaporizer : copper, glass, metals 22 x 14 x 16 cm. Morris intended the vaporizer to be carefully adjusted by the anesthesiologist in response to the changing needs of the patient throughout the course of an anesthetic. The Copper Kettle could be calibrated to vaporize any volatile liquid anesthetic, such as chloroform, ether, halothane (Fluothane), or enflurane (Ethrane). Third, by dispersing the carrier gas through the liquid in a large number of very small bubbles, it further increased the speed and efficiency of vaporization. Most vaporizers were made of glass which conducts heat poorly and so the temperature of the liquid in the vaporizer dropped rapidly in use the Copper Kettle is made from materials that conduct heat well, keeping the liquid warm. Second, heat is required to convert volatile anesthetics from the liquid to gas form. First, most vaporizers added an unknown concentration of vaporized liquid to a measured amount of gas the Copper Kettle allowed the vapor to be added in known quantities that could be precisely measured and controlled through a separate circuit built into the anesthesia machine. The design was a departure from that of its predecessors in three important ways. The commercial model was manufactured by the Foregger Company, of New York from 1952 through the 1970s. Ralph Waters at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. He began work on it in 1948, while a resident under Dr. (1914-2011) designed the Copper Kettle Vaporizer to perform with great accuracy, in part by maintaining a constant temperature.
Variations in temperature, in turn, can impact the performance of the vaporizer. As anesthetic liquids are vaporized, their temperature drops.
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